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          TCP/IP - 第四章 传输层协议
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            <div class="post-description">TCP/IP 第八版, 第四章 传输层协议读书笔记。</div>

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        <h2 id="Transport-layout-protocols"><a href="#Transport-layout-protocols" class="headerlink" title="Transport layout protocols"></a>Transport layout protocols</h2><pre><code>看到这里, 对于网络的一些技术也大致有个了解, 这时反而还不清楚想要再学些什么了, 不知道下一步要学些什么, 就按书的编排, 逐步学习</code></pre><h2 id="Consideration-befor-reading"><a href="#Consideration-befor-reading" class="headerlink" title="Consideration befor reading"></a>Consideration befor reading</h2><ol>
<li>看到了熟悉的 socket, port, udp, tcp, 有些期待.</li>
<li>本章就分了三节</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>ports and sockets<ul>
<li>port, 操作系统预留的用来标识每个服务, 方便通信交互, 是一个抽象的concept, 难不成, 还有对应的硬件结构么? </li>
<li>socket, 也是对于个一通道的抽象concept, 描述服务端相互确认后通信的流程</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>udp<ul>
<li>协议, 只管发, 不管发送结果, 是到达(堵塞, 乱序, 循环, 超时 )</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>tcp<ul>
<li>针对发送的一些意外情况, 做了处理, 省了上层的事, 就更高级可靠一些, 也减小上层调用的门槛</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Reading-Record"><a href="#Reading-Record" class="headerlink" title="Reading Record"></a>Reading Record</h2><ol>
<li>prots and sockets</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>The concept of ports and sockets provide a way to uniformly and uniquely identify connections and the programs and hosts that are engaged in them, irrespective of specific process IDs.</li>
<li>ports<ul>
<li>The well-known ports are controlled and assgined by the Internet Assgined Number Authority (<b>IANA</b>) annd on most systems can only be used by system processes  or by programs executed by privileged users.</li>
<li>Ephemeral ports are not controlled by IANA and can be used by ordinary use-developed programs on most systems.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>sockets<ul>
<li>A socket is a special type of file handle, which is used by a process to request network services from the operating system.</li>
<li>&lt;protocol, local-address, local-port&gt;</li>
<li>A conversation is the communication link between two processes.</li>
<li>two processes that comprise a connection &lt;protocol, local-address, local-port, foreign-address, foreign-prot&gt;</li>
<li>The half-association is also called a socket or a transport address.</li>
<li>The socket model provides a process with a full-duplex byte stream connection to another process.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li>udp (User Datagram Protocol)<blockquote>
<p>Its status is standard and almost every TCP/IP implementation intended for small units transfer or those which can afford to lose a litter amount of data will include UDP.<br>extremely thin, consequently, efficent</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>UDP datagram format<ul>
<li>no need to concern until used it.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>UDP application progamming interface<ul>
<li>Be aware that UDP and IP do not provide guaranteed delivery, flow-control, or error recovery, so these must be provided by the application.</li>
<li>Trivail File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)</li>
<li>Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS)</li>
<li>Remote Procedure Call(RPC)</li>
<li>Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)</li>
<li>Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ol start="3">
<li>tcp (Transmission Control Protocl)<blockquote>
<p>从名字看, tcp 是基于udp, 准备说是基于 IP, 干得事比UDP多一些, 但不是包含关系<br> connection-oriented Protocol</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>tcp concept<ul>
<li>Stream data transfer</li>
<li>Reliability</li>
<li>Flow Control</li>
<li>Multiplex</li>
<li>Logical connections<ul>
<li>The combination of this status, including sockets, sequence numbers, and window size, is called logical connection.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Full duplex</li>
<li>window principle</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>tcp appliction programming inteface<ul>
<li>The TCP application programming interface is not fully defined. A great digree of freedom is left to the implementers </li>
<li>Open, Send, Receive, Close, Status, Abort.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>tcp congestion control algorithm<br>  basic internet standards<ul>
<li>Slow start </li>
<li>Congestion Avoidance</li>
<li>Fast retransmit</li>
<li>Fast recoveryy</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>直接看英文书是值得的, 虽然进度很慢, 但是就这些知识, 看中文的进度一样很慢, 且更静不下心来, 因为还挂念着学英语, 特别是在看到陌生的concept时, 就会怀疑是不是翻译错了</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Summarize-after-reading"><a href="#Summarize-after-reading" class="headerlink" title="Summarize after reading"></a>Summarize after reading</h2><ol>
<li>ports 确是用来标识 processes(server/client, local/remote) communication</li>
<li>关于tcp/udp, 根面试的时候, 背的知识点大差不差, 粗略过了一遍, 见个脸熟, 这一遍的作用也主要就是这了</li>
<li>所谓零基础, 真是的零基础, 没听说过, 见识也少, 怎么去凭空想象, 或看到名词都能想到工作原理, 光是弄计算机怎么工作这一回事, 就是曲折回环 </li>
<li>得, 不要再不平衡了</li>
<li>我是该将计算机的学习, 归结为习惯, 而不是强迫太用力, 不然确实不会长久, 这3周的周末, 基本上又是都浪费了, 可能也是对平时的一点放松, 但是, 我的时间确实很紧, 不能只找放松这个借口, 因为就算没有学习, 我还是不放松, 而且我知道那种不学习的状态, 看电影 看节目, 那种心态, 也只是呵呵一笑, 并没有形成自己的文字, 所以, 看完了, 依然很空虚</li>
<li>也不尽然, 看了还是有一些收获, 思考问题的方向, 他们的生活局部, 他们的部分思想, 都很有意思, 从这些也能看到他们优秀的一面, 所以也算是长了见识, 到于将见识, 所想, 输出, 这又是另一个能力, 这个能力也一直没有得到锻炼, 所以痛苦也是必然的, 不能说, 还像年轻的时候, 不计成果, 按兴趣来, 要考虑的多, 必须得强迫自己一些</li>
<li>靠兴趣支撑, 也不是说就不做了, 也得那么多时间去积累, 去踩坑, 只是在这个过程中, 心态更好, 效率更高, 思维更集中, 所以, 关键点是在思想状态, 怎么去将那种痛苦减轻, 而不是靠不做来减轻</li>
<li>这些逻辑还是有些绕, 找到问题的关键点, 而不是给偷懒找借口, 需要放松, 人肯定需要放松, 但是放松, 不是以自己不喜欢的方式去放松, 我喜欢什么样的方式去放松呢? </li>
<li>要承受的代码太多了, 现在何止是12年, 15年的落后于人啦 </li>
</ol>

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